Review of UKSports Anti-Doping Policy Essay - 3361 Words

â€Å"The two major justifications for the ban on the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport relate to the protection of the health of athletes, and the maintenance of fair competition† (Black, 1996; as cited by Waddington, 2000) The main objective of the U.K. Statement of the Anti-doping Policy stems from this. The aim is to ensure that the various governing bodies of sport in the United Kingdom have consistent and regular sets of policies and regulations in order to â€Å"protect the rights of athletes to compete drug-free† (U.K. Statement of Anti-doping Policy). This policy, (January 2002) published by U.K. Sport, was considered â€Å"a major landmark in the fight for drug-free sport†. It was an attempt to set standards in accordance with the†¦show more content†¦UK Sport’s role is also clearly defined in the policy. UK Sport will have to agree an annual anti-doping programme, consisting of testing (where appropriate), education and information, with the Governing Bodies and also assist with its delivery. They will have to guarantee the confidentiality of information arising from programmes except where it is required, in order to provide transparency and accountability for pu blic funding and the integrity of the testing programme. UK Sport will also report to the designated official, within the Governing Body, both negative and positive test outcomes, within an agreed timeframe. Again, they will assist, as required, with the provision of information to the review, investigative hearing or appeal panels. Training workshops will be provided for Governing Bodies, on operational and legal issues. Governing Bodies will also have to be supported with advice and guidance, from the Anti-Doping Programme, team to achieve programme delivery arising from the policy. Supporting, independent advice on complex scientific or medical issues will also be provided by UK Sport, who will also promote an independent dispute resolution system for sport. Finally, UK Sport will have to continue independent, high quality collection services, as well as assisting Governing Bodies with the monitoring and reporting of results. Furthermore, according to the policy, Sports Councils have the power to withdraw funding from athletes who have come

The Modal Cosmological Argument Free Essays

THE REASONABLENESS OF ACCEPTING OR REJECTING THE MODAL COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT: In this essay I shall explain why it is reasonable to accept â€Å"The Modal Cosmological Argument† as a rational explanation for the existence of God. The modal cosmological argument makes use of â€Å"modal† elements such as possibility, necessary existence and contingent existence to prove that a necessary being – namely God – exists. It also applies to the entire cosmos and all possible cosmoi and therefore deemed to be â€Å"cosmological†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Modal Cosmological Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now Medieval theologians and philosophers of different religious views have developed the MCA over time. Examples include; the Christian Thomas Aquinas, the Islamic Al Kindi Ibn Sina and the Jewish Moses Mainmonides. * The argument begins with the notion that every existing being or being which existed can either be a contingent being (something that depends on something other than itself for it’s existence) or self-existent. The second premise argues that if every being were dependent one would find that no being at all would ever exist or even come into existence. However, it is clear that some being does in fact exist even if it is only myself and therefore there MUST be at least one being who is independent, necessary and self-existing. * It is this being that we take to be God. This denial of universal dependancy stated in the second premise is known as the â€Å"Cosmological Insight†. The logic behind the cosmological insight can be illustrated using a simple analogy involving train coaches. A coach by nature relies on something else in order to move. If there was a system in which there were only train coaches present, one would find that there would be no motion. It would not matter whether there are an infinite series of coaches attached to one another or if they formed a complex loop. In order to introduce motion, one needs to add something radically different to the system which moves of its own accord. In this case it would be a locomotive. The same logic can be applied to the theory of existence. Contingent beings are unable to â€Å"generate† their own existence and require some sort of force to do this for them- a necessary being or God. * There are a number of possible alternatives to the Cosmological Insight that can be argued. However one finds that all these different notions result in inexplicable brute facts which are defined as facts that have â€Å"no explanation†. * If all beings are contingent then a set of them would have had to at some stage simply â€Å"pop† * into existence causing all the other beings in the cosmos. This idea results in complete and utter mystery as there isn’t anything to explain how the first few contingent beings came about. Before they apparently â€Å"popped into existence†*, there would have to have been a state of absolute metaphysical nothingness which raises the question as to how these beings appeared, since there would have been no resources available to them. One could choose to argue that perhaps contingent beings never had to â€Å"pop into existence† but instead have always simply been. At first this notion appears logical yet upon closer examination one finds it too leads to another brute fact as there is nothing to explain why these beings existed when they need not have done so in the first place. The same reasoning applies to the presence of an infinite series in which every contingent being was caused to exist by another. One could claim that If all contingent beings within this series has a cause and explanation in terms of its existence, then it isn’t necessary for the entire series to also have a cause and explanation- there is no further explanation required and therefore no mystery involved. But the catch here is that one still can’t explain why the infinite series exists when it need not have and so another brute fact arises. Another reason why this alternative is unsuitable is the fact that an infinite series may not even be possible. William Lane Craig demonstrates this idea using the example of â€Å"Hilbert’s Hotel†. * We are asked to Imagine that this particular hotel has an infinite number of rooms and that all these rooms are full. * When a new guest arrives requesting a room the hotel should in theory, be able to accomodate him by shifting each current guest next door until room no. 1 is vacant. * However e are reminded that before this new guest arrived, all the rooms were full thus showing that it isn’t possible for an infinite series to exist. * All these contingency only options result in brute fact. One could argue that there is actually nothing wrong with accepting this and that a brute fact shouldn’t be considered a weakness in the theories stated above. My response to this would be that unexplainable facts violate Principle of Sufficient Reason and are therefore are unacceptable. The Principle of Sufficient Reason claims that anything that happens does so for a specific purpose. In other words, there is an explanation as to why things are the way things are, as opposed to some other way they might have been. PSR therefore serves to support the Modal Cosmological Argument by making brute facts seem insufficient and inconclusive through use of the cosmological insight. It is important to note that accepting the existence of God is not the same as accepting a brute fact because God is the only possible reason as to why there is a contingent order. In order to violate PSR there would have to be another option other than God’s existence that is true and this is not the case. The Big Bang theory, the idea that the universe amounted from nothing and the notion that the universe has simply always existed all fail to explain why contingent beings exist. Therefore the presence of a necessary being is the only feasible option. In â€Å"Why I am not a Christian† Betrand Russell claims that the Modal Cosmological argument is unreasonable as it doesn’t account for where God himself comes from, â€Å"If everything must have a cause, then God must have a cause†. Similarly Richard Dawkins argues that the cosmological argument makes the â€Å"entirely unwarranted assumption† that God himself is i†mmune to regress†. * However it is these objections that are unwarranted simply because God is not in the same explanatory predicament as dependent beings. He is a necessary and radically different bein g who halts infinite regress of explanation ex hypothesi. Thus the MCA still stands. Upon review of the modal cosmological argument one can see that the conclusion of argument is logical and follows from the premises in a understandable manner. Intuitively the premises themselves can be said to be reasonable. The crux of the matter is the fact that the MCA depends on accepting the Principle of Sufficient Reason and thus if one refuses to do so, the entire argument collapses. In my opinion, it is rational to accept PSR because it is precisely what causes us to keep searching for explanations behind contingent facts until we find sufficient reason to doubt that there is an explanation. Decartes stated, â€Å"I think, therefore I am. * and it seems to me, that it is simply human nature to question the reasons behind the way things are. If we didn’t accept PSR life would be filled with unbearable uncertainty and one would find that science and philosophy itself would cease to exist because there would be no motivation whatsoever to broaden our understanding of how things work, their purposes and what causes them. The human race would be far less advanced in terms of knowledge and awareness. Therefore it is undoubtedly m ore reasonable to accept the modal cosmological argument than it would be to deny it. â€Å" How to cite The Modal Cosmological Argument, Papers

Missio-Die

Question: What is the Missio dei? and discuss the significance for the church. Answer: What is the Missio dei? Missio Dei in the Christian theological Latin term is also known as the mission of the God or the "sending of God." The definition of the Missio dei implies the concept of the mission, according to which the mission or the church work is the subset of Gods work, rather than anything with the presence of the independence (Hedley, 2010). This missio dei has evolved from the last 50 years, hence in the start of the essay will give a brief introduction of the term and then to discuss its significance, implications and also the benefits of its contemporary usage. Missio Deias a concept or term which has increasingly become popular among the churches around the 20th century mid and also is considered as the main concept for the mission, which is being used by the theologians. It mainly defines the real identity, task, and place of the church of the Christ in the Gods mission towards the world. A church is the Gods instrument for reaching to all of the nations and also all of the tribes with the Gods Word. All of the Deeds arise and are originals from this plus also lead the humanity to live in a total integrated manner with their heart, voices, and head glorify the all powerful God after it is being reconciled with the almighty Jesus Christ (Engelsviken, 2003). This explains that the integral ministry reaches and also covers each and every aspect of the human life like the growth in faith, repentance, economics, and the kingdom of heaven, all kinds of social issues, politics, science and technology. These aspects are required to be properly addressed in a manner that it further leads the humanity to the Christ where all of the new life grows as well as develops and also provides an outlook to the earth and the new heaven. Teaching and preaching of the Gospel are required to focus completely on the complete life of a human being. Churches are totally and fully involved as per the Gods plan and purpose for the creation and the redemption. The almighty God employs these churches as his servant an instrument, with a transparent goal, vision and focus in a sinful world (Flett, 2009). The term Mission is, primarily, the task which is performed by the Triune God, Redeemer, Creator and the Sanctifier, for betterment of this world; it is such a kind of ministry in which all of the churches are privileged to completely participate. The Mission has its own originality in the mind and the Gods heart. The God showers and spread his love to all (Heller, 2009). This is considered as the deepest cause and source of the mission. The Mission also embraces all of those activities which serve to be liberating the mankind from the slavery conditions in the presence of the Almighty God, slavery that extends to the God-forsakenness from the economic necessity The Mission is the primary as well as the ultimate; the task of the Triune God, for the care and betterment of human beings, all across the globe, such ministry in which the church gives the opportunity to participate (Wyngaard, 2015). Karl Barth This is the mission as the acts and the tasks of God. The Gods nature also derives the mission The spirit, Father and son sending the church into this world Missio die is a clear attribute of the Almighty God and all of the churches are invited to take part in the mission of the almighty which is larger than that of any other missions. History: There is a long history with the mission die which can even be traced as far as such old like the Augustine. Aquinas was the first one who has used this term in order for describing all the activities of the true almighty God; which involved the sending of the Son by the father and further the Spirit send by the son. Refer modern times, Karl Barth, in the year 1932 paper, set out an important idea which explained mission as Gods work. In the paper he also discussed that the mission of the authentic church should be as per the act or the response towards themission of the God. The idea was grasped by the Hartenstein, who referred the concept of the missio Dei to differentiate it from the missioecclesiae; which explains about the churches mission. But later in the year 1952, willingness meeting for the worldwide Missionary Council explained and quoted the concept ofthe missioDei in detail (Wagner, 2009). The termmissioDeiwas in the actual sense not at all taken into use by the Willinge n meeting. However it, later on, was taken into use by the Hartensteinin his conclusion of the conference. Missio Dei and theChurch The mission was prominently all across the European continent, and the churches of these countries further led to the flourishment of the culture and also hen tried hard to spread it among all of the countries all across the countries of the world. The call for the conversion is a reminder or proposal for becoming the community part, and also the Church, is from that particular community. While there are others who express such same thoughts: The mission of these churches and the Churches are in a true and actual sense the God tools, such instruments which helps the God to carries out his plannedmission (Velloso Ewell, 2012).These Mission is thus seen as moving from the Almighty God to the universe, here the churches are viewed as the significant tools for the spread of the teachings of that mission. Thus, the main aim so as to establish these kinds of churches is to spread and support themissioDeand the Church structures are present so as to serve the mankind and the complete commun ity inthat mission. Significance for the Church As per the perspective of missio-Dei, these established churches are viewed as the main bearer and also the worker of peace. The Corinthians 3:9 depicts that church is a land where the almighty God cares through all of his servants, but also over which he bestows all of his blessings. The almighty employs the missioners ministry to proclaim peace in the universe by the Word and also by actions or deeds. Refer this process; the mankind will develop peace to the utmost level and also experience all the contexts of life, namely in all the sectors of nature, health, economics, politics, etc. Churches must continuously pray for peace and also, act as the peacemakers (Sunquist, 2009). Several of the biblical passages acknowledge and confirm this as a commission. Refer these passages; the actual concept of the peace is brought into use in so many of the ways. It means that the overall peace is applicable in the unity, harmony, unanimity and also is closely associated with all of the relatio nships. The believers anticipation of the state of peace has a significant focus in the Old as well as the New Testaments as well. The almighty employs justice and righteousness so as to restore overall peace. Only the righteousness leads to true all complete peace. Restoration of shalom tissue implies that the disciples combine the power, time, possessions and the resources as an important sacrifice for the benefit of the life and the needs as are required by others. Summary of Plantingas peace discusses the nature and the effect of overall peace. The Bible, shalom defines the universal flourishing delight, wholeness as the rich affairs state, where the natural requirements are satisfied plus the natural gifts which are to be employed fruitfully, a condition of the affairs which inspires the joyful wonders at the savior and the Creator, widely opens the doors, welcomes all creatures of the world in whom the God delights. Churches are thus the instrument, bearer and the worker of th e divine peace, which performs this by the integrating deeds and the Words in its ministry (Sundermeier, 2003). A famous well known and the classical doctrine on the missio dei as the almighty, the Father sends his Son, and further sending of the Spirit by the son, was expanded in order for including the movement: Here the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are to send the church into the universe (Laing, 2009).Our activity or the mission has not got its own life: it is in the hands of the almighty and can also be called as the mission, and for all the initiatives of the missionaries which comes from the God alone. The missio die in its actual sense id the mission of the God and is also a planned mission, which is to go beyond the churches as well.It openly and clearly embraces each and every task which the God is to do in the universe through all the people and the nations so as to establish his complete Kingdom of the world which is all over the churches and also beyond the boundaries of the churches. Mission, which calls upon all the Christians to participate and also feels immensely privileged for doing that.So, Gods activities are not at all limited to the endeavors of churches, but these churches also have a significant role, which has been sent by God in the mission of the God (Smith, 2009). The historical understanding of the mission of the churches is tended to incorporate significant concepts: that this was sent into the universe; and it also took an evange with it. The important illustration of the modern times shall be of William Carey, who in his obligations and inquiry of the Christians used to mean it Conversion in the year of 1972 of the Heathens (Meiring, 2008). The First part of the work was related to the mission justification, which was based on the continuing applicability and the power of Commission: The Christians are people who are sent by the command of the Christ, which speaks therefore go. William Carey, in the discussed section also makes much clearer that the task which the missionary are supposed to perform is to carefully and seriously introduce the gospel amongst them (Sauer, 2013). This Important illustration demonstrates that the historical Christian understanding as far as the mission was clearly in some ways based upon the complete divine initiative, which bears Gods message of peace and complete salvation for the human mankind (Richebcher, 2003). There is really something which is both humbling as well as per the liberating to recognise that the God is the only one who acts as the architect as well as the controller of the mission. In case, the Church is considered as a vital product of the Gods mission, a much truer, original and clear perspective is its outcome. All of the Christian Church is made and exists because of the Almighty sending His Son, Jesus Christ and then His actions which have come to us in throughout the history. The Churches are also guided, sustained and sanctified by the almighty. Refer wording of Bosch, The missio Dei in actual sense purifies the all around atmospheres at the churches. It is vital that we do not forget any time that the main aim of the Churchs is not to self-replication or just grow numerically these are built to spread the message of the almighty among all the mankind which is to be peace lovers and quit all bad habits (Ziemer, 2015). Conclusion: There is no doubt regarding the fact that peace is something which begins with the Almighty Godin whatsoever who He is and also in whatever task He does or performs. When He brings complete peace in and by Christ, he in an actual manner integrally reconciles human by the Words and also the deeds of himself, thus restores all of the broken relation with the mankind. The words gave so as to ensure the eternal peace ultimately results in the church to accept the assignment to all around spread this condition, which further impacts the diverse relationships which are found by the people in themselves (Sarisky, 2013). By preaching the act of peace, churches help to understand peace as the eschatological beacons. References Engelsviken, T. (2003). MISSIO DEI : THE UNDERSTANDING AND MISUNDERSTANDING OF A THEOLOGICAL CONCEPT IN EUROPEAN CHURCHES AND MISSIOLOGY.International Review of Mission, 92(367), pp.481-497. Flett, J. (2009). Missio Dei : A Trinitarian Envisioning of a Non-Trinitarian Theme.Missiology: An International Review, 37(1), pp.5-18. Hedley, S. (2010). Book Review: Frontiers in Mission: Discovering and Surmounting Barriers to the Missio Dei.Missiology: An International Review, 38(2), pp.230-231. Heller, K. (2009). Missio Dei : Envisioning an Apostolic Practical Theology.Missiology: An International Review, 37(1), pp.47-61. Laing, M. (2009). Missio Dei : Some Implications for the Church.Missiology: An International Review, 37(1), pp.89-99. Meiring, A. (2008). Rethinking Missio Dei: a conversation with postmodern and African Theologies.VE, 29(3). Richebcher, W. (2003). MISSIO DEI: THE BASIS OF MISSION THEOLOGY OR A WRONG PATH?.International Review of Mission, 92(367), pp.588-605. Sarisky, D. (2013). The Meaning of the missio Dei: Reflections on Lesslie Newbigin's Proposal That Mission Is of the Essence of the Church.Missiology: An International Review, 42(3), pp.257-270. Sauer, C. (2013). MISSIO DEI AND COMPASSIO DEI: MINORITY CHRISTIANS EXPERIENCING GODS ACTS IN THE FACE OF HOSTILITY.Scriptura, 106(0), p.20. Smith, C. (2009). The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible's Grand Narrative.Mission Studies, 26(1), pp.131-132. Sundermeier, T. (2003). MISSIO DEI TODAY: ON THE IDENTITY OF CHRISTIAN MISSION.International Review of Mission, 92(367), pp.560-578. Sunquist, S. (2009). Missio Dei : Christian History Envisioned as Cruciform Apostolicity.Missiology: An International Review, 37(1), pp.33-46. Velloso Ewell, C. (2012). Missio Dei.International Review of Mission, 101(2), pp.385-387. Wagner, J. (2009). Missio Dei : Envisioning an Apostolic Reading of Scripture.Missiology: An International Review, 37(1), pp.19-32. Wyngaard, J. (2015). Missio Dei and Youth Ministry: mobilizing young peoples assets and developing realationships.Missionalia, 43(3). Ziemer, J. (2015). Seelsorge im Horizont der missio dei.Praktische Theologie, 50(2).

Sports and Million Dollar Baby Essay Example

Sports and Million Dollar Baby Essay Million Dollar Baby is a sports movie fused with drama and a dash romance with a running time of two hours and twelve minutes and its characters and the events that unfold are based on a true story. The movie tells the story of Frankie Dunn, an aging boxing trainer who happens to be a veteran in the sport and has committed the entirety of his life to the game but with very little to show for his work. Enters Maggie Fitzgerald who walks into Frankie’s gym and asks him to train her but Frankie is skeptical about the matter because he does not rank female boxing highly and he considered her too old at the age of 31 especially without neither experience nor technique to fight in the ring. Frankie also bears great guilt from back in the day when he was training his best friend and most loyal employee who suffered an eye injury that ruled him out of the sport. But Maggie would persist until Frankie accepts to train her and she develops into a strong fighter racking up win after win and a strong emotional bond is formed between the two who are also having off the ring complications with their families. Frankie’s daughter never responds to his frequent letters, his gym is facing closure by the bank and a fighter he was training signs up with a different manager as soon as he gets hot leaving Frankie out to dry. Maggie tries to form a relationship with her mother and sister but their only concern with Maggie is the money that she is making as a boxer and how much of that they could solicit from her after an unfortunate tragedy that she eventually succumbed to in hospital occurred during what would be her final boxing match. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports and Million Dollar Baby specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sports and Million Dollar Baby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sports and Million Dollar Baby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sports is an integral part of the American culture and can be classified as high culture held strongly by its people. As a country, America is rich in history and this history is synonymous with sports as well. What might have begun a hundred years ago as players on a dusty field tossing a ball has rapidly evolved in

Free Essays on TV And Grocery Price Search Behavior

In order to investigate a consumer’s price searching behavior towards TV and groceries purchasing, I had to conduct an interview with a consumer. Through this investigation, I have realized that ones searching behavior can be influenced by many factors. Some of which I will be explaining today. To begin with, what is price searching behavior? Let’s define this with the help of consumer behavior. Consumer behavior can be defined as â€Å"processes they (consumers) use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs† . In this case, price searching behavior can be defined as the processes used to select and eliminate products in order to find the right product at the right price. In order for me to find the factors that influence a consumer’s price searching behavior in TV and grocery, I chose to conduct an interview with a male. I conducted this interview over the telephone because my interviewee had a very tight schedule. This male interviewee is a friend of my father’s. We have always been able to talk about many things openly and I believe he is the perfect interviewee to give an unbiased response. Throughout the interview, I noticed various factors which I found especially interesting. I’ve realized that he doesn’t shop for groceries very often, even when he does, he seems to just pick up any convenient item, rather than spend time going through the process of price search. When I asked him about grocery shopping, he said, â€Å"This is mainly a wife’s job. Men don’t need to worry about the groceries. It is taken care of by the woman in the family.† From this we can observe that he has been influenced by culture and family decision making. In his culture, women are the ones who take care of the family and their needs, men don’t have to worry, so they do not have the ‘expertise’ or interest in grocery shopping, i.e. looking for the ... Free Essays on TV And Grocery Price Search Behavior Free Essays on TV And Grocery Price Search Behavior In order to investigate a consumer’s price searching behavior towards TV and groceries purchasing, I had to conduct an interview with a consumer. Through this investigation, I have realized that ones searching behavior can be influenced by many factors. Some of which I will be explaining today. To begin with, what is price searching behavior? Let’s define this with the help of consumer behavior. Consumer behavior can be defined as â€Å"processes they (consumers) use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs† . In this case, price searching behavior can be defined as the processes used to select and eliminate products in order to find the right product at the right price. In order for me to find the factors that influence a consumer’s price searching behavior in TV and grocery, I chose to conduct an interview with a male. I conducted this interview over the telephone because my interviewee had a very tight schedule. This male interviewee is a friend of my father’s. We have always been able to talk about many things openly and I believe he is the perfect interviewee to give an unbiased response. Throughout the interview, I noticed various factors which I found especially interesting. I’ve realized that he doesn’t shop for groceries very often, even when he does, he seems to just pick up any convenient item, rather than spend time going through the process of price search. When I asked him about grocery shopping, he said, â€Å"This is mainly a wife’s job. Men don’t need to worry about the groceries. It is taken care of by the woman in the family.† From this we can observe that he has been influenced by culture and family decision making. In his culture, women are the ones who take care of the family and their needs, men don’t have to worry, so they do not have the ‘expertise’ or interest in grocery shopping, i.e. looking for the ...

Albert Camus the Plague Essay Example for Free

Albert Camus’ the Plague Essay ? Can God possibly exist in a world full of madness and injustice? Albert Camus and Samuel Beckett address these questions in The Plague and Waiting for Godot. Though their thinking follows the ideals of existentialism, their conclusions are different. Camus did not believe in God, nor did he agree with the vast majority of the historical beliefs of the Christian religion. His stance on Christianity is summed up most simply by his remark that â€Å"in its essence, Christianity (and this is its paradoxical greatness) is a doctrine of injustice. It is founded on the sacrifice of the innocent and the acceptance of this sacrifice† (Bree 49). Camus felt that Jesus Christ was an innocent man who was unjustly killed. This does conflicts with all of Camus’ values. However, Camus did not believe that Jesus was the son of God. Camus’ inability to accept Christian theology is voiced in The Plague by Riex and juxtaposed against the beliefs preached by Father Paneloux (Rhein 42). Paneloux’s attitude toward the plague contrasts sharply with Rieux’s. In his first sermon, he preaches that the plague is divine in origin and punitive in its purpose. He attempts to put aside his desires for a rational explanation and simply accepts God’s will. In this way he is not revolting and therefore falls victim to the plague. Father Paneloux’s belief that there are no innocent victims is shaken as he watches a young boy die of the plague. Camus purposefully describes a long, painful death to achieve the greatest effect on Paneloux: â€Å"When the spasms had passed, utterly exhausted, tensing his thin legs and arms, on which, within forty-eight hours, the flesh had wasted to the bone, the child lay flat, in a grotesque parody of crucifixion† (215). Paneloux cannot deny that the child was an innocent victim and is forced to rethink his ideas. During his second sermon, a change is seen in Father Paneloux. He now uses the pronoun â€Å"we† instead of â€Å"you,† and he has adopted a new policy in which he tells people to believe â€Å"all or nothing† (224). Father Paneloux, as a Christian, is faced with a decision: either he accepts that God is the ultimate ruler and brings goodness out of the evil that afflicts men, or he sides with Rieux and denies God. The conclusion formed by Camus is that because this is a world in which innocent people are tortured, there is no God. Samuel Beckett does not necessarily deny the existence of God in Waiting for Godot. If God does exist, then He contributes to the chaos by remaining silent. The French philosopher Blaise Pascal noted the arbitrariness of life and that the universe works based on percentages. He advocated using such arbitrariness to one’s advantage, including believing in God. If He does not exist, nobody would care in the end, but if He does, a believer is on the safe side all along, so one cannot lose. In this play, either God does not exist, or He does not care. Whichever is the case, chance and arbitrariness determine human life in the absence of a divine power. This ties in with the two tramps’ chances for salvation. As one critic observes, â€Å"For just as man cannot live by bread alone, he now realizes that he cannot live by mere thinking or hanging on in vain to a thread of salvation which does not seem to exist† (Lumley 203). This explains Vladimir and Estragon’s contemplation of suicide after Godot remains absent for yet another day. One could also argue, in the absurd sense, that each man has a fifty-fifty chance of salvation. One of the two prisoners who were crucified with Jesus was given salvation. This element of chance for salvation can also be extended to Pozzo and Lucky in Waiting for Godot. When they come across the two tramps, Pozzo is on his way to sell Lucky because he claims that Lucky has grown old and only hinders him. In this way Pozzo is trying to draw that fifty-fifty chance of salvation for himself. One of the ways in which Lucky hinders him is that Lucky could be the one to be redeemed, leaving Pozzo to be damned. Even Lucky’s speech is concerned with salvation: Given the existence†¦ of a personal God†¦ outside time without who from the heights of divine apathia divide athambia divide apaia loves us dearly with some exceptions for reasons unknown†¦ and suffers†¦ with those who for reasons unknown are plunged in torment. (28) After removing all of Lucky’s nonsensical meanderings, the gist of his speech is that God does not communicate with humans and condemns them for unknown reasons. His silence causes the real hopelessness, and this is what makes Waiting for Godot a tragedy Albert Camus’ the Plague. (2018, Nov 08).

Prototyping in Graphic design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prototyping in Graphic design - Research Paper Example Graphic designers do not generate attributes and abstract relationships then derive the suitable object to consider. They instead always generate a design model and then find out its specifications. This paper looks at how design tools enable graphic designers to create functional prototypes of ever-present user interfaces. This scholarly compilation of modern essays applies quantifiable study to the graphic design practice. The whole book heartens designers to develop practices that are research-oriented which are more all-encompassing of audience input along with interdisciplinary proficiency. This is an educational book for any teacher of design. Buxton advises us to spotlight more on the blueprint of the design development than the product design. An efficient method to do this, he cites, is by â€Å"sketching† (demos, prototypes, sketches, simulations, models). Throughout this book he as well heartens teachers to incorporate into their classrooms additional scholarship, a history sense and a joint approach to the process of design. The book has provoking interviews along with genuine world examples. This is a useful guide to managing and forming a graphic design business. It is increasingly helpful for learners as many are trying to start on their careers at first as freelancers as a substitute of employees. This book outlines a greatly helpful timeframe of graphic design from 1890 to 2000. In essence, it is an efficient sketch of the history of graphic design, allowing learners to speedily put designers along with their work into chronological background. This collection of current essays and case studies initiates designers to research tools made particularly for graphic design. It covers â€Å"research through design, research into design and research for design.† Most of the research methodologies regard design as a segment of an integrated system. (11) Martin, Bella, and Bruce M. Hanington. Universal

What is buddhism Is it a philosophy or a religion Essay

What is buddhism Is it a philosophy or a religion - Essay Example s study on whether Buddhism is a religion or a philosophy putting into consideration some of the theories applied, the history of Buddhism, Buddha – its religious figure and its literature. The paper will not lie on one side of the thesis question i.e. whether Buddhism is a religion or philosophy, but it will evaluate both notions mostly according to Olson’s conclusions on the matter. In the book ‘The Different Path of Buddhism’ Olson starts by first making a quick account of the early Buddhist tradition of how an old woman, friends with the monks, died and the monks were inconsolable. After which Buddha told them the story about kaka Jataka, the crow and the day when one of the crows got very drunk and was swept out to the sea and drowned; he used the story for symbolism where the sea was a metaphor for the suffering associated with life and the crows represented the human beings (Olson 1). Olson says that during this time of Buddhism, Buddha was considered an common man of flesh and blood, and an exceptional fascinating teacher; not a manifestation of divine being. He is best known as an educator, philosopher, and founder of a major world religion; significantly, he is not like other religious figures that were considered to be holy beings like Jesus (Christianity) or Muhammad (Islam). However, like these other religious figures, Buddha gathered a small group of followers who were attracted to his charisma and teaching, but insisted on the creation of a monastic community that shaped those who joined it and influenced Indian culture, and the laity who were necessary for its support (Olson 3). Before the formation of Buddhism, there were only two religious movements in India; the Brahmins – Brahmanical culture and the holy wanderers – Indian culture; notably, the Buddhists supported the holy wanderers and rejected certain ways of the Brahmanical religion but accepted others (Olson 5). Buddhism was later formed from an incorporation of some features

The Philosophy of Freidrich Froebel Essay Example for Free

The Philosophy of Freidrich Froebel Essay Friedrich Froebel was born in 1782 in Oberweissbach, Germany. His mother died when he was 9 months old and his father was away on pastoral duties quite often so he went and lived with his uncle when he was 10 years old. Froebel was not completely interested in school but enjoyed forestry, geometry, and land surveying (Dunn 169). His upbringing and interests, along with his Christian faith strongly influenced his educational philosophy. Friedrich used learner-centered, child-centered, experience-based ideas to develop the worlds first kindergarten, a school for young children (Henson 8). The father of kindergarten was the title usually associated with Froebel and his philosophy. His methods allow children to grow and move on as they conquer new concepts not when educators or administrators decide. Froebels philosophy was influenced by the teaching methods of Pestalozzi (Dunn 169). He agreed with many of Pestalozzis ideas but thought that there was too much focus on memorization and direct instruction. Froebel balanced group activities with individual play, direction from teachers was balanced with periods of freedom, and the studies of nature, mathematics, and art were balanced by exploring (Froebel Web). Through exploration by the child and observation by the teacher education could be distributed as was needed in the best interest of the child. He wanted students to figure things out for themselves through discovery. If a child can discover a concept on their own that child is more likely to grasp and clearly understand that concept because they were the means by which they learned the information. Play was a major aspect of his philosophy because it gave children a chance to externalize their inner nature and a chance to imitate and try out various adult roles. Children had the chance to try on many faces and figures so that they could find out who they were and who they should be. Even today people try to find out who they are because in the essence of each of us we feel that who were are or supposed to be is already in our souls we just have to discover who that is. Through play and role playing children could learn how to solve their own problems. Much of what people learn comes through their experiences, if children are able to practice and experience certain problems they will develop the skills necessary to problem solve. If children could work through these situations there could be a decrease in behavioral problems as children grow because they had the chance to develop their problem solving skills at a young age. According to Froebel, the ultimate purpose of education is the realization of a faithful, pure, inviolate, and hence holy life (Dunn 170). Since Froebels philosophy was based on idealism he believed every person had spiritual worth and dignity. If a person assumes that each individual they encounter has worth and thus should be treated so more people in life would be, simply put, happier. It comes down to respecting each individual for whoever they are. Thus like idealists he believed that children had within him all he was to be at birth. As Dunn states, practice in education should be designed to develop and cultivate individuals toward attainment of their destiny (170). Starting children off in kindergarten gave them a chance to grown and be what they were destined to be, by partaking in play and role playing with plenty of space to develop properly. In todays society there is a lot of talk about finding yourself and taking space to figure out who they are. I think a lot of that is because people never had a chance to do so when they were young. Todays society just speeds through life trying to get one step ahead of the next person and later in life they stop to reexamine who they have become because they didnt take the chance to discover that person when they should have. Froebel stressed the importance of creating a happy, harmonious environment where the child can grow; and where the value of self activity and play are foundation to the development of the whole person (Froebel Web). Teachers should observe students during play so that they know how and what to teach and gear toward each student because you need to cultivate the inner person in each. It isnt all about chaos because there is order and structure in play and free will. Play and freedom are structured through gifts and occupation. The gifts are used to help children understand concepts and the occupations to make products. Froebel was trying to create a school that uses the childs imagination and creativity already in them to foster an education plan that fit their minds and souls. We have been taught in the bible to be like children because they are pure and clean, if more of us became like children then the world would be a better place. The effects this theory has on the classroom can be positive and negative. The idea of a child-centered classroom is a terrific idea but can make the classroom seem very chaotic and haphazard which is difficult for some teachers and parents. With a child-centered classroom the planning a teacher puts into her lessons must be flexible and follow the needs of each individual, which is difficult because each child has different needs so planning could be a lot of different activities and flexibility. This philosophy allows opportunity for all students to completely succeed because it works with the childs strengths and educational pace. A problem with that is that children dont develop at the same rate so children will be going over different material at the same time. By allowing children to work on their own, the behavior they have will improve because they feel that they have more control over their own education and pace. As many positive effects as this free child-centered philosophy has, it also has in negative effects. Students may not reach their potential if they are not challenged by high expectations. There are also fewer concrete assessments to gage child success and failure. The philosophy could be a huge success if employed by a highly committed teacher who is prepared to truly encourage individual growth. The teachers role in the classroom is not just as observer who watches children play and explore independently but to guide the children to make discoveries. Open ended questions are a great way for teachers to foster critical thinking because the teacher does not provide the student with opinions (Froebel Web). Teachers are guiders and helpers for children to explore who and what they are to become. There are a lot of great ideas that have come from this philosophy, one being the introduction of kindergarten into the educational system. Some people today even think that it is too early to start a child in school but when is it really a great time to start? There are more people who are starting to embrace the idea of a child-centered approach because too much of education is focused on what we think children need to learn and not necessarily what they need to learn or are ready to learn. Teachers today need to stop and look at educators and philosophers of the past to recognize simple theories they employed. Todays education has become caught up in speed and necessity to be better than the next guy, we have forgotten to look at the people we are teaching and the fact that some are not ready for what we think they should be. There is a need for adults to get back to a simpler way of life so that we dont forget that children are precious gifts that must be treasured and fostered. Works Cited Dunn, Shelia G. Philosophical Foundations of Education: Connecting Philosophy to Theory and Practice. Upper Saddle River NJ: Merrill/Prentice-Hall, 2005. Froebel Web. Online Resource. 1998. http://www. froebelweb. org/webindex. html. Henson, Kenneth T. (Fall 2003). Foundations for Learner-Based Education: A Knowledge Base. Education, 1, Retrieved 10/28/06.

Environmental Racism :: essays research papers fc

Environmental Racism To begin with, a definition of environmental justice is necessary. This may be accomplished quite well by using à ´The Principles of Environmental Justiceà ¶. They contain 17 principles à ´drafted and adoptedà ¶ in Washington, D.C. on the 24th through the 27th of October 1991by delegates to the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit. 1) Environmental Justice affirms the sacredness of Mother Earth, ecological unity and the interdependence of all species, and the right to be free from ecological destruction. 2) Environmental Justice demands that public policy be based on mutual respect and justice for all peoples, free from any form of discrimination or bias. 3) Environmental Justice mandates the right to ethical, balanced and responsible uses of land and renewable resources in the interest of a sustainable planet for humans and other living things. 4) Environmental Justice calls for universal protection from nuclear testing, extraction, production and disp osal of toxic/hazardous wastes and poisons and nuclear testing that threaten the fundamental right to clean air, land, water, and food. 5) Environmental Justice affirms the fundamental right to political, economic, cultural and environmental self-determination of all peoples. 6) Environmental Justice demands the cessation of the production of all toxins, hazardous wastes, and radioactive materials, and that all past and current producers be held strictly accountable to the people for detoxification and the containment at the point of production. 7) Environmental Justice demands the right to participate as equal partners at every level of decision-making, including needs assessment, planning, implementation, enforcement and evaluation. 8) Environmental Justice affirms the right of all workers to a safe and healthy work environment without being forced to choose between an unsafe livelihood and unemployment. It also affirms the right of those who work at home to be free from environme ntal hazards. 9) Environmental Justice protects the right of victims of environmental injustice to receive full compensation and reparations for damages as well as quality health care. 10) Environmental Justice considers governmental acts of environmental injustice a violation of international law, the Universal Declaration On Human Rights, and the United Nations Convention on Genocide. 11) Environmental Justice must recognize a special legal and natural relationship of Native Peoples to the U.S. government through treaties, agreements, compacts, and covenants affirming sovereignty and self-determination. 12) Environmental Justice affirms the need for urban and rural ecological policies to clean up and rebuild our cities and rural areas in balance with nature, honoring the cultural integrity of all our communities, and provided fair access for all to the full range of resources.

Sociology Paper

Option B Movie Analysis Watching movies is a leisurely activity enjoyed by many people. Not only are movies enjoyable to get a good laugh, cry, or just to relax to, but there are many things to be learned from movies as well. For this project I choose to examine two movies from a sociological perspective. The two movies I chose are, Law Abiding Citizen and 8 Mile. Law Abiding Citizen Law Abiding Citizen is a story of a man who takes justice into his own hands after the legal system fails to bring justice on the murderer of his wife and children.Instead of convicting the murder for a longer sentence, the lawyer plays it safe by making a deal with the murderer to convict for a shorter sentence; which in turn keeps his conviction percentage high. Questions for Law Abiding Citizen 1. What was the main issue the movie was expressing? Both individuals interviewed found that the main issue was that the main character Clyde is determined to bring down the corrupted law system that failed to bring his wife and daughter justice. 2. How was this issue presented?Both individuals agreed that this was apparent because the first five minutes of the movie show the murder take place and the rest is Clyde’s actions to bring down the law system. 3. What sociological issue was presented? Individual A believes the sociological issue presented is the relationships between the law system and Clyde. Individual B believes that the sociological issue presented deals with how crime and punishment affects society’s views on justice. 4. How was the sociological issue presented? Both individuals agree that these issues were straightforward in the plot.The issues were represented by the characters actions in the movie. 5. How did the movie distort social reality? Both individuals believe that the events that took place in the movie are extremely exaggerated. Although they both believe that the justice system has many flaws they don’t believe that a person would be able t o commit all the acts that Clyde committed without being caught. 6. How did the characters in the movie show deviancy? Individual A says that that all the murders that took place were deviant.Individual B agrees but also includes that the lawyer making deals with murderers is deviant because it doesn’t help society overall. 7. Why do you think that the characters had deviant behavior? Both individuals agree that Clyde was deviant because of the death of his family. Individual B adds that the lawyer’s deviant deal making is a quest for a higher career status. 8. Whose behavior do you find was more deviant? Both individuals find that Clyde is the most deviant because he caused the most deaths but they both understand why Clyde did what he did and take his side over anybody else’s in the movie. . Do you agree with the law system’s justice or Clyde’s form of justice? Both individuals agree with Clyde’s form of justice in the movie, but both thin k that in real life they would not act out in Clyde’s manner. 10. Whose act was more deviant in your opinion Clyde’s or the murder? Both individuals find that Clyde is the most deviant but they take his side over the murderer because they both feel they connected more with Clyde and his motives. I found that the main concept in Law Abiding Citizen was deviancy. Deviancy can be defined in many different ways.For example Howard Becker defined deviance as not that act but the reaction of others to the act. The textbook on the other hand defines deviance as, any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged and or condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of some groups. In Law Abiding Citizen, Clyde, who has witnessed the murder of his wife and daughter, displays behavior that could be defined as deviant. Ten years after the death of his loved ones he decides to take justice into his own hands. An example of his deviancy includes brutally murdering his family’s murderer.He does this by injecting him with adrenaline, sewing his eyelids open, placing him below a mirror, and cutting him limb by limb. Throughout the movie he murders more people that failed to bring his families murderer to justice. It is interesting to analyze the deviant acts by Howard Becker’s definition of deviancy. In the beginning of the movie a woman and daughter are murdered and the reaction I had towards the killer was disgust and anger. Later on in the movie when Clyde murder’s the murderer, it is much more graphic scene but my reaction to the act was not disgust and anger.In this scene I feel that I, as well as other viewers understand his motives. Both of the individuals I interviewed felt the same way. By Howard Becker’s definition the more graphic and torture some murder in this case was less deviant because of our reaction to the act. Clyde turned to deviancy. I feel that his deviancy relates to Robert Mertonâ₠¬â„¢s strain theory. Robert Merton’s strain theory analyzes what happens when people are socialized into desirably cultural goals but denied the institutional means to achieve those goals. Merton uses this term to explain why good people turn to crime.I believe this relates to Clyde because before the crime, he was a productive member of society, he supported his family and worked as an engineer. Unfortunately the justice system did not provide the institutional means of providing him closure on the crimes committed. He then felt the need to take action and provide justice himself. Another concept that goes along with strain theory is anomie. The book defines anomie as, a state in which the ties attaching the individual to the group are disrupted due to dramatic changes in circumstances.Emile Durkheim used the term anomie as a detachment from norms that usually guide ones behaviors. Emile Durkheim stated that this usually accompanies a lack in social integration. He also stat ed that the less socially integrated individuals are, the more likely they are to do harm to themselves and others. The behavior of Clyde shows that he is not socially integrated and he displays anomie. This was triggered by the death of his family members and the lack of support given by the justice system. 8 Mile 8 Mile is based off of Eminem’s life.It shows the struggles of growing up surrounded by poverty, drugs, alcohol, and gangs. The main character Jimmy (based off of Eminem) struggles with poverty and a drug addicted mother with an abusive boyfriend all while trying to establish himself in the music industry. Other barriers he faces include competing gangs and a weak support system. Questions for 8 Mile 1. What was the main issue the movie was expressing? Both individuals agree that there were many struggles present in the movie from poverty to gangs. 2. What sociological issue was presented?Individual A says that the issue was conflicting power struggles between gang s. Individual B says that the issue was how poverty affects people. 3. How were the sociological issues presented? Individual A says that the struggles between gangs were shown through the numerous fights and through the rap battles. Individual B says that the affects of poverty are shown through the acting out behavior of various characters as well as the mother’s need to stay with an abusive boyfriend for his money. 4. How did the movie distort social reality?Both individuals believe that the movie realistically portrays social relationships but neither one entirely sure because they have not lived in any areas similar to the part of Detroit in the movie. 5. Why do you think that the characters in the movie showed deviancy? Both individuals believed it was because they were born into it and don’t know how to live in another life style. 6. What are the ‘battles’ in 8 Mile? Both individuals stated that the battles in 8 mile were a way of the local lyrical minds to show off their talent against one in other to score a deal with a record label. . Why do the characters In 8 Mile participate in these battles? Both individuals said they participate in these battles to further themselves and possibly make it big. 8. Was the burning of the old house acceptable? Individual A said that they completely accepted that they burn the house down since no one lived in it anymore and it just served as a place for violence to take place. Individual B said they did not accept the burning of the house mainly because it still could have served as a shelter to the homeless. 9. What do you think was Eminem’s major setback?Both individuals said that poverty was the biggest thing holding Eminem back. 10. Why was it his major setback? Both individuals said that if it weren’t for his poverty, he would have never have been in all of the situations that he was in. Also though, if it weren’t for his poverty he wouldn’t be rapping about a lot of what he usually raps about so it helped him in a way also. There were many sociological aspects of the movie 8 mile. The movie did not go into depth in a particular sociological issue but many were present. One of the issues was the struggling family relationship.The family relationship in the movie was not healthy. The mother was a single mother living in extreme poverty. We learned in class that poverty is the primary strain in a one-parent family. In the movie the mother dates a guy who abuses her and her children. She continues to stay in the relationship out of fear of not being able to provide a home and food for her family. Another issue that is presented is the conflicts that arise when social classes conflict. In the movie there is a house where a young girl from a low class family got raped (as social class decreases being a victim to crime increases).The house is an abandoned house that remains standing until the characters from the movie decide to burn it down. They come to the conclusion that if the house was on the â€Å"other side† of 8 mile (the territory of another social class) that it would have been demolished by now. They then take it into their own hands to burn the house down. This is only one of the actions performed by the characters that could be considered deviant. The reasons for the deviancy in this movie vary from the deviancy in Law Abiding Citizen. The characters in 8 mile have deviant behavior, such as stealing, weapon use, fighting, and vandalism.I believe their deviance is best explained by the differential association theory used in symbolic interactionism. The differential association theory, coined by Edwin Sutherland, says that people learn to either deviate or conform to society’s norms through the different groups with whom they associate. Most of the characters in the movie were born into a low class life style. One of the characters was portrayed as having a status inconsistency. Status inconsi stency is when a person has characteristics high in one area of status and low in another. One of the members of Jimmy’s rival gang is a great example of status inconsistency.He is a member of a gang, walks the streets, is involved in fighting yet he attended Cranbrook and has two educated, happily married parents. I have watched both Law Abiding Citizen and 8 Mile on numerous other occasions before watching these movies again for this project. In the past I never took as much time to think about the driving forces behind the characters behavior and social contexts. As a result this project helped me analyze the movies from a new perspective. It was very interesting to see the concepts I have learned about in class be portrayed in the media.

Apple and employee motivation Essay

Ideally, Apple wants to have a workplace that fosters creativity from all the employees. Apple combines extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in order to empower their employees to be innovative. There are numerous methods Apple employs to motivate its employees. Once, Apple rewarded its executives by giving them a recognition bonus of 3 to 5 percent of their base salary. This motivating incentive occurred despite the fact that they recently missed their target on a project. This implies that Apple upper management empathized with the group’s efforts. Another motivating incentive is the discount on products that all Apple employees receive. Employees who work at corporate Apple can receive a free iPhone or iPod Shuffle. Giving products to employees rather than money can be a better an effective motivator because many Apple employees are simply motivated to see the end results of their efforts. It is also typically cheaper to give the employees products rather than a raise. Recently, Apple has given employees more vacation days due to the company’s strong performance in product sales. These are all extrinsic examples of how Apple motivates its employees. Employee motivation also stems from the corporate culture. Most Apple employees are heavily committed to their work and can be described enjoying monotonous encoding. Perhaps it is even insightful to look at what intrinsic forces were driving Steve Jobs. Jobs’ Stanford commencement speech indicates that he knew he had a limited time on Earth and this motivated him to follow his heart and pursue his passion. His ultimate motivation for creating innovative products was not based around profit but what would he would personally want to have.

History Of Visual Arts - Vincent Willem Van Gogh, Pablo Ruiz essays

History Of Visual Arts - Vincent Willem Van Gogh, Pablo Ruiz essays History Of Visual Arts - Vincent Willem Van Gogh, Pablo Ruiz Picasso One turns out to be a millionaire, the other a pauper. Why? The most crucial reason that makes difference in their fate Born in Groot Zundert, the Netherlands on 30th March 1853, Vincent Van Goghs birth came a year later to the day after his mother gave birth to a first, still born child also named Vincent. Thus there was much speculation about Van gogh suffering later psychological trauma as a result of being a replaced child. The theory however, remains unsubstantiated as there is not much information about Vincent when he was young. The summer of 1876 was a religious transformation for Van gogh as Rev. Jones his pastor gave him responsibilities to speak at prayer meetings. Although he was enthusiastic about his prospects as a minister, his sermons were somewhat lackluster and lifeless. Which happens to be just like his father passion to preach but lacked of gripping and passionate delivery. One day he felt compelled to visit the home of Jules Breton, a French painter he greatly admired. With only 10 francs in his pocket he walked the entire 70 kilometers to see Breton. Upon arriving, Vincent was too timid to knock on the front door and so he returned home utterly discouraged. After which Van Gogh began to draw the miners and their families. During this period he chose his next and final career as an artist. Pablo Ruiz Picasso is one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. His maverick attitude sometimes hindered him, but it was temperament that made him succeed at becoming one of the most valued and sought after, yet misunderstood artists. When Picassos mother was giving birth to him, it was a difficult birth. The baby showed so little signs of life that the midwife concluded that he was a stillborn. He would have died, Picasso said, if his uncle had not been present. Doctors used to smoke b...

Six Sigma and CQI discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Six Sigma and CQI discussion questions - Essay Example Various instruments in six sigma are critical to improving efficiency in hospitals as they involve collecting feedback from health care users and staff on the quality of services offered in the organisation, collecting and analysing the data to identify the causes and effects of the challenges that are encountered in provision or receiving of health care. The information or the trends that are derived after data analysis are then used to improve the situation to the optimal levels, and then measures and controls are put in place to ensure any deviations in future are rectified before they can cause damages or defects to the customer (Arthur, 2011). With efficiency improved, wastages such as idle staff or some hospital facilities that are underused will be put in to optimal use, thus ensuring that the hospital is operating at minimal costs level. The hospital will increase the volume of patients that can be served per day therefore increasing profitability since efficiency has also been maximised. Continuous quality improvement is a never ending programme that is aimed at improving products and services that an organisation offers to its clients and is driven by data and feedbacks from clients. The programme is nor driven by complaint or events, rather it is self initiating and aims to improve on the current quality levels. In a health care organisation, this means the management should keep on improving on the quality of health care offered to users continually based of the responses and suggestions from all the relevant stakeholders and not wait upon when complaints or bad incidents happen. Based on the information gathered from the continuous quality improvement and knowledge present within the organisation, new methods of practising can be built. This can be done through staff motivation or evaluation forums with the personnel in the

Issues And Features Of The Audit Process Term Paper

Issues And Features Of The Audit Process - Term Paper Example Independent auditing is encouraged in organizations in order to protect the potential investors and shareholders from any misrepresentation of the financial statement or fraudulent claims that are often made in the public companies (Gray and Manson, 2008: 98). Moreover, after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) introduced in 2002, the appointment of the independent auditor becomes mandatory for improving the auditing and accounting procedure. Many organizations are seen to appoint independent auditors, who are certified public accountants, responsible for checking their business transactions and financial records, yet not being affiliated with it (Singleton, T.W., and Singleton, A.J., 2010: 13). However, independent auditing is seen to suffer from a large number of threats such as intimidation threat, trust or familiarity threat, advocacy threat, management threat, self-review threat and self-interest threat. Therefore, safeguarding the independence of the auditors becomes a major area of c oncern. This report focuses on the safeguards for the independence of auditors. Safeguards to save the Independence of the Auditors On recognizing the significant threat of independence in the auditing process, the organization must decide on some safeguards in order to save the auditors. Some of the approaches that are considered by organizations are as follows: Mandatory rotation in the auditor: In a case where an external auditor is serving a particular client for many years, they often end up building relationships with their clients, which make them less skeptical about their work than that they would have been otherwise. The SOX Act has made it mandatory for the public company, who is the partner-in-charge, to rotate their auditors, at least every five years. However, for non-public companies, there are no such requirements for rotation of auditors.